Wall insulation in severe cold areas has various forms, generally including external insulation and sandwich insulation, of which external insulation mainly includes EPS External wall thermal insulation system, that is, 190mm thick concrete hollow blocks are used as the load-bearing structure, 50mm thick self extinguishing EPS boards are paved on the outside of the blocks, and reinforced with alkali resistant fiber mesh cloth. Compared with the normal plastering and painting on the outside, external wall decoration is formed.
The advantage of this external wall thermal insulation form is that it can effectively cut off or reduce the cold bridge of the wall, effectively increase the temperature of the internal surface of the external wall. Heavy materials with large thermal storage coefficient are located indoors, which can improve the thermal stability of the room under the condition of unstable heating. The thermal insulation effect is good, and the indoor temperature of the room is basically not affected by the change of external temperature, The indoor temperature in the insulation room is evenly distributed, which can better improve the indoor thermal comfort. However, since the thermal insulation layer should be fixed on the entire height of the external wall, and the thermal insulation material should be bonded to the wall base by the adhesive, the durability of the thermal insulation layer depends on the durability of the adhesive. In addition, although the fiber mesh cloth is added to the wall plastering, it should withstand the test of wind, rain, cold and summer freeze-thaw and sunlight, Plastering mortar is still prone to cracks and water ingress, which may cause wall damage. In addition, due to the low strength of insulation materials, they are easy to be damaged under external loads. Once all external insulation walls are damaged, it is extremely difficult to repair them. Therefore, this kind of insulation form has stricter technical requirements, higher requirements on materials and higher cost. Baotou partition board .
Another insulation method is clay brick sandwich insulation, that is, 240 load-bearing brick wall+50 thick benzene board+120 brick wall. This wall structure basically meets the requirements of heat preservation and energy conservation. However, with the restriction of clay bricks, clay bricks gradually withdraw from the market, and this wall structure is gradually reduced. On the contrary, due to the increased efforts of the country to promote concrete hollow blocks, In some areas, blocks are used instead of clay bricks, but most of the wall insulation is in the form of external insulation. This form of external insulation completely wraps the blocks and simply replaces the blocks with clay bricks, which cannot give full play to the decorative effect of blocks. At present, it is used in many high-rise buildings in Heilongjiang and other regions, but because of the short construction time, Many problems have not yet been exposed.
According to the experience of developed countries, the wall structure suitable for masonry structure is sandwich thermal insulation wall, that is, according to the composite sandwich energy-saving wall widely used in developed countries, the external wall structure of the building is: 190 thick standard load-bearing blocks+40-50 thick thermal insulation materials+10 thick air layer+90 thick decorative blocks, and the internal and external leaf blocks are connected by anti-corrosion steel mesh, To ensure the stability of the outer leaf wall.
For the wall with this structure, the thermal insulation material is located in the middle of the two leaf wall. The thermal insulation material is not affected by natural conditions, and has good durability and thermal insulation effect. Moreover, the decorative effect of the external wall of this structural form is not limited and restricted by the load-bearing part. The split external wall can fully reflect the decorative effect of concrete blocks and realize the diversification of architectural styles. At the same time, because the inner and outer leaf walls are separated by the insulation layer, it can effectively reduce the temperature deformation of the inner leaf wall, reduce the wall temperature cracks, and avoid the wall leakage, because even if the rainwater seeps into the wall through the outer leaf wall, the rainwater can only flow down the inner wall of the outer leaf wall of the sandwich layer to the water guide hole to discharge the wall, but not to the inner leaf wall.
The total thickness of the thermal insulation wall of this structure is 320-330mm, and the thermal resistance value of the 320 thick wall is 0.01 (internal wall plastering)+0.40 (190 thick standard load-bearing blocks)+0.64 (40 thick GRC Foamed polystyrene board)+0.14 (10 thick air layer)+0.17 (90 thick decorative blocks)+0.15 (internal and external surface exchange thermal resistance of the wall)=1.51m2.K/W According to the thermal insulation effect in different areas, the thickness of thermal insulation materials in the wall can be increased or reduced or the thermal insulation materials can be changed to meet different thermal insulation performance settings. For masonry buildings with this structural form, the cost per unit wall area is basically the same as the comprehensive cost of clay brick walls. For the outer wall of clay brick walls, plastering and painting are generally required. For block buildings, because of the decorative effect of the blocks themselves, no external decoration is required, which can reduce the cost of the wall, So that the block building has a certain economy.
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